Hyoscine (Nospasum) 60ml

Pronunciation

• hye-OH-seen

Trade Name

• Nospasum

Classification

• Therapeutic: Antispasmodic
• Pharmacologic: Anticholinergic

Pregnancy Category

• Category C

Indications

• Relief of gastrointestinal spasms, irritable bowel syndrome, and other conditions associated with smooth muscle spasms.
• Used to alleviate renal and biliary colic.
• Sometimes used preoperatively to reduce secretions.

Mechanism of Action

• Hyoscine (also known as scopolamine) works by blocking the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in smooth muscles, secretory glands, and the central nervous system. This results in the relaxation of smooth muscle, reduced glandular secretions, and central nervous system effects such as sedation.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Well absorbed after oral administration.
• Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the body, including the central nervous system.
• Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
• Excretion: Excreted primarily in the urine.
• Half-life: Approximately 2-4 hours.

Contraindications and Precautions

• Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to hyoscine or any component of the formulation, narrow-angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, severe paralytic ileus, obstructive uropathy.
• Precautions: Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal obstruction, or urinary retention. Caution is also advised in elderly patients and those with a history of psychiatric illness.

Adverse Reactions and Side Effects

• Common: Dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, constipation, urinary retention.
• Serious: Tachycardia, confusion, hallucinations, increased intraocular pressure.

Interactions

• Drug-Drug: May enhance the effects of other anticholinergics and tricyclic antidepressants; may interact with antihistamines, antipsychotics, and opioid analgesics. Can decrease the effects of antacids and metoclopramide.
• Food: Food can delay the absorption of hyoscine; usually taken on an empty stomach for faster onset of action.

Route/Dosage

• Oral (Suspension): The typical dose for adults is 10-20 mg (usually 5-10 ml) taken 3-4 times daily or as directed by a physician. Pediatric dosing should be determined by a healthcare professional based on age and weight.

Availability Formulations

• Nospasum Suspension: Available in 60 ml bottles as an oral suspension. Shake well before use.